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Cigar Shop – A cigar is a tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco, one end of which is ignited so that its smoke may be drawn into the smoker’s mouth through the other end.
The English word cigar is from the Spanish word cigarro, which in turn derives from the Mayan word for tobacco, siyar. (See entry at the Spanish Royal Academy’s online dictionary.
Cigars are composed of three types of tobacco leaves, whose variations determine smoking and flavor characteristics:

Wrappers
A cigar’s outermost leaves, or wrapper, come from the widest part of the plant. The wrapper determines much of the cigar’s character and flavor, and as such its color is often used to describe the cigar as a whole. Colors are designated as follows, from lightest to darkest:
Double Claro – very light, slightly greenish (also called Candela, American Market Selection or jade); achieved by picking leaves before maturity and drying quickly; often grown in Connecticut

Claro – light tan or yellowish. Indicative of shade-grown tobacco.
Natural – light brown to brown; generally sun-grown.
Colorado Claro – mid-brown; particularly associated with tobacco grown in the Dominican Republic or in Cuba
Colorado – reddish-brown (also called Rosado)
Colorado Maduro – dark brown; particularly associated with Honduras or Cuba-grown tobacco
Maduro – dark brown to very dark brown
Oscuro – a.k.a. “Double Maduro”, black, often oily in appearance; tend to be grown in Cuba, Nicaragua, Brazil, Mexico, or Connecticut
Some manufacturers use an alternate designation:
American Market Selection (AMS) – synonymous with Double Claro
English Market Selection (EMS) – can refer to any color stronger than Double Claro but milder than Maduro
Spanish Market Selection (SMS) – either of the two darkest colors, Maduro and Oscuro

It is often thought, mistakenly, that the darker the wrapper, the fuller the flavor. In fact it is the blend of the filler which dictates the flavour. If anything, dark wrappers add a touch of sweetness and light ones a hint of dryness to the taste.

Fillers
The majority of a cigar is made up of fillers, wrapped-up bunches of leaves in its interior. Fillers of various strengths are usually blended to produce unique cigar flavors. The more oils present in the tobacco leaf, the stronger (less dry) the filler. Types range from the minimally-flavored Volado taken from the bottom of the plant, through the light-flavored (dry) Seco taken from the middle of the plant, and on to the strong Ligero from the upper leaves exposed to the most sunlight. Large-gauge cigars have a greater capacity to contain filler, and thus have greater potential to provide a full body and/or complex flavor. When used, Ligero is always folded into the middle of the filler because it burns slowly.
Fillers can be either long or short; long filler uses whole leaves and is of a better quality, while short filler, also called “mixed,” uses chopped up leaves as well as stems and other bits. Recently some manufacturers have created what they term “medium filler” cigars. They do not use whole leaves but part of the leaves. The quality is usually much better than short filler cigars because the leaves are not chopped up and there are no stems and bits in the filler. Short filler cigars are easy to identify when smoked since they often burn hotter and the smoker will be spitting out bits and pieces from the smoking end. Long filled cigars of high quality should burn evenly and consistently. Also available is a filler called “Sandwich” (sometimes “Cuban Sandwich”) which is a method of rolling a cigar using both long and short filler and using long outer leaf to sandwich the short in between.

Binders
Binders are elastic leaves used to hold together the bunches of fillers.

Cigars are commonly categorized by the size and shape of the cigar, which together are known as a vitola.
The size of a cigar is measured by two dimensions: its ring gauge (its diameter in sixty-fourths of an inch) and its length (in inches). For example, most non-Cuban robustos have a ring gauge of approximately 50 and a length of approximately 5 inches. Robustos which are of Cuban origin always have a ring gauge of 50 and a length of 4 7/8 inches.[citation needed]

See also Factory Name.
The most common shape is the parejo, which has a cylindrical body, straight sides, one end open, and a round cap on the other end which is either snipped off, sliced perpendicularly (a V-cut), or punched through before smoking.
Parejos are designated by the following terms:

Coronas
Rothschilds (4 1/2″ x 50) after the Rothschild family
Robusto (4 7/8″ x 50)
Hermosos No. 4 (5″ x 48)
Mareva/Petit Corona (5 1/8″ x 42)
Corona (5 1/2″ x 42)
Corona Gorda (5 5/8″ x 46)
Toro (6″ x 50)
Corona Grande (6 1/8″ x 42)
Cervantes/Lonsdale (6 1/2″ x 42), named for Hugh Cecil Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale
Dalia (6 3/4″ x 43)
Julieta, also known as Churchill (7″ x 47), named for Winston Churchill
Prominente/Double Corona (7 5/8″ x 49)
Presidente (8″ x 50)
Gran Corona (“A”) (9 1/4″ x 47)
Panatelas – longer and generally thinner than Coronas
Small Panatela (5″ x 33)
Carlota (5 5/8″ x 35)
Short Panatela (5″ x 38)
Slim Panatela (6″ x 34)
Panatela (6″ x 38)
Deliciados/Laguito No. 1 (7 1/4″ x 38)

Irregularly-shaped cigars are known as figurados and are sometimes considered of higher quality because they are more difficult to make.
Historically, especially during the 19th century, figurados were the most popular shapes, however, by the 1930s, they had fallen out of fashion and all but disappeared. They have, however, recently received a small resurgence in popularity, and there are currently many brands(manufacturers) that produce figurados alongside the simpler parejos. The Cuban cigar brand Cuaba only has figurados in their range.

Figurados include the following:
Torpedo – Like a parejo except that the cap is pointed.
Pyramid – Has a broad foot and evenly narrows to a pointed cap.
Perfecto – Narrow at both ends and bulged in the middle.
Presidente/Diadema – shaped like a parejo but considered a figurado because of its enormous size and occasional closed foot akin to a perfecto.
Culebras – Three long, pointed cigars braided together.
Tuscanian – The typical Italian cigar, created in the early nineteenth century when Kentucky tobacco was hybridized with local varieties and used to create a long, tough, slim cigar thicker in the middle and tapered at the ends, with a very strong aroma. It is also known as a cheroot, which is the largest selling cigar shape in the United States.
Arturo Fuente, a large cigar manufacturer based in the Dominican Republic, has also manufactured figurados in exotic shapes ranging from chili peppers to baseball bats and American footballs. They are highly collectible and extremely expensive, when publicly available. In practice, the terms Torpedo and Pyramid are often used interchangeably, even among very knowledgeable cigar smokers. Min Ron Nee, the Hong Kong-based cigar expert whose work “An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Post-Revolution Havana Cigars” is considered to be the definitive work on cigars and cigar terms, defines Torpedo as “cigar slang.” Nee thinks the majority is right (because slang is defined by majority usage) and torpedoes are pyramids by another name, saying:
In the old days, torpedo could mean a perfecto or a pyramid shape cigar. After the Cuban Revolution the meaning leans toward the pyramid rather than the perfecto. Some cigar authorities insist that the correct meaning of a torpedo should be referring to a perfecto and not a pyramid. The majority of people who use torpedo to mean pyramid have got it wrong. I find it rather funny that a slang word can be incorrectly misunderstood by the majority.

Virtually all cigar aficionados enjoy the practice because of the rich and varied flavours one observes when smoking, although some eschew the connoisseurial qualities in favour of other factors. For those drawn by taste, each brand and type of cigar carries different qualities of taste. The wrapper does not, as is commonly thought, dictate the flavour of the cigar. However, darker wrappers tend to produce a sweetness, while lighter wrappers usually have a drier taste to them. Flavours of cigars whether mild, medium, or full bodied are not indicators of quality. Like all kinds of flavors they are highly personal.
Unlike cigarettes, cigars taste very little of smoke, and usually very much of tobacco with nuances of other tastes. Some cigar enthusiasts use a vocabulary similar to that of wine-tasters to describe the overtones and undertones observed while smoking a cigar. A fine cigar can have virtually no taste of smoke whatsoever.
Some of the more common flavours one observes while smoking a cigar include:

Spice
Cocoa / chocolate
Peat / moss / earth
Coffee
Nut
Wood
Berry
Honey
Many different things affect the scent of cigar smoke: quality of the cigar, added flavours, tobacco type, cigar age, cigar humidity, production method (handmade vs. machine-made) and more.
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By James Milis : http://cigar.cigarrettes-online.com